(2018). Rop. Univ. [16] The Inland Dena'ina used reindeer lichen for food by crushing the dry lichen and then boiling it or soaking it in hot water until it becomes soft. Some representative values of annual radial increment are listed below. 18, 198209. doi: 10.1007/s12275-011-0362-4, Wang, Y., Wang, J., Cheong, Y. H., and Hur, J. S. (2014). Gonzlez-Burgos, E., Fernndez-Moriano, C., and Gmez-Serranillos, M. P. (2019). McGillick, B. E., Kumaran, D., Vieni, C., and Swaminathan, S. (2016). Nat. Found primarily in areas of alpine tundra, it is extremely cold-hardy. Adv. doi: 10.1016/0167-7799(91)90141-4, Culberson, C. F., Culberson, W. L., and Johnson, A. The polysaccharide extracted from Umbilicaria esculenta inhibits proliferation of melanoma cells through ROS-activated mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Exp. 9, 3512435134. The maintenance of protected lichen species and their biodiversity in general depends on good management practices based on their distribution and habitat preferences. Alterations in secondary metabolism of aposymbiotically grown mycobionts of Xanthoria elegans and cultured resynthesis stages. For instance, Cornicularia divergens grows usually on ridgetops, where winds reduce snow cover and expose the lichen to direct atmospheric deposition almost throughout the year. YINM00001, using genome mining and one strain many compounds approach. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.04.007, Verma, N., Behera, B. C., and Joshi, A. Cladonia rangiferina, also known as reindeer cup lichen,[2] reindeer lichen (cf. Appendix: culture methods for lichens and lichen symbionts, in Lichen Biology, ed T. H. Nash III (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press). Chem. J. Chem. Res. RNA extraction methods were optimised to improve the yield and quality of RNA extracted from lichen tissue. 22, 349355. (2022). Opin. (2015). Magyarorszg hajtsos nvnyei, The life-strategy system of lichens a proposal, Flora indicativa: kologische Zeigerwerte und biologische Kennzeichen zur Flora der Schweiz und der Alpen. Evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of some lichens. Anyone who has searched the literature will find no lack of data on how fast lichens grow. Taiga plants have to be hardy in order to survive not only the long, cold winter, but also the poor-quality soils typical of the biome. (Parasites of Caribou Brain Worm). J. Funct. doi: 10.1007/s11010-017-3178-7, Papadopoulou, P., Tzakou, O., Vagias, C., Kefalas, P., and Roussis, V. (2007). doi: 10.1073/pnas.0501526102, Crittenden, P. D., and Porter, N. (1991). doi: 10.2174/1568026614666140324122323, Ingolfsdottir, K., Gudmundsdottir, G. F., Ogmundsdottir, H. M., Paulus, K., Haraldsdottir, S., Kristinsson, H., et al. 43, 223259. Bryologist 96, 412421. WebAbstract: Cladonia rangiferina produces numerous apothecial discs in favourable microcli-matic conditions. Lichens: a promising source of antibiotic and anticancer drugs. Cladonia rangiferina is a good indicator species of natural habitats in Hungary due to its restricted distribution and low ecological tolerance. Lichen natural products are a tremendous source of new bioactive chemical entities for drug discovery. Biotechnol. Prod. Phytochemistry 200, 113210. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113210, Yoshimura, I., Kinoshita, Y., Yamamoto, Y., Huneck, S., and Yamada, Y. Several studies have shown that lichens are productive organisms for the synthesis of a broad range of secondary metabolites. doi: 10.1055/a-0777-2420, Lee, Y. M., Kim, E. H., Lee, H. K., and Hong, S. G. (2014). Maximum rates of respiration and photosynthesis by LW are one-quarter to one-half of those observed in temperate deciduous forests (Fan et al., 1995). Miller (1966) used seven size classes beginning with plants 0.04.9 cm and was still not able to show convincingly that small plants grew at a different rate from mature plants. Light is the most significant growth-limiting factors of most Cladonia species (Ahti 1961). Table VI presents the 137Cs content of lichens in Anaktuvuk Pass (Alaska) and Sweden. Gissurarson, S. R., Sigurdsson, S. B., Wagner, H., and Ingolfsdottir, K. (1997). Methane emissions from reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) fed lichens (mainly Cladonia stellaris) and a concentrate feed were determined using open-circuit respirometry.The lichen diet was low in crude protein (< 2.6% of dry matter [DM]), starch (6.0% DM) and acid detergent lignin (2.0% DM) compared to the concentrate feed The decrease in growth rate has been well documented by Frey (1959) for a colony of Placodium alphoplacum in Switzerland. Molecules 21, 807. doi: 10.3390/molecules21060807, Wambui, J., Stevens, M. J. C. J. Biosci. 56, 15511554. Isolation and identification of cytotoxic compounds from a fruticose lichen Roccella montagnei, and it's in silico docking study against CDK-10. A portion of the Avalon Herd frequents the back country areas of the Park and on occasion may be viewed with binoculars from the Visitor Centre upper deck. At first glance it was seen that pine seedlings growing on the edge of the road were more robust. 3, 154155. Mycosystema 41, 19922003. Chem. BioChem. In addition, some studies of polyketide synthase genes have also focused on phylogenomic analysis (Proctor et al., 2007; Wang et al., 2018; Kealey et al., 2021). Nat. MOST SAMPLES ARE CLADONIA SPECIES, TABLE VI. C. J. Biosci. A similar-looking species also known by the common name Reindeer lichen is Cladonia portentosa. Bu'Lock proposed that mycelial growth was slow under conditions of poor nutrition, but secondary metabolism could be induced (Bu'Lock et al., 1974), which is related to the carbon-nutrient balance hypothesis (Bryant et al., 1983). The lichen covers immense areas in northern tundra and taiga ecosystems and serves as pasture for Phycobionts, especially those of heavily pigmented lichen species, lose their color in cultivation when exposed to full summer sun (Warn, 19181919; Jaag, 1929) or as Trebouxia decolorans cease growing at 1.0 klux and die at 4.3 klux (Ahmadjian, 1959, 1962, 1967). Prod. A., Choi, E. D., Kim, S., Hur, J. S., et al. With the increasing age of pine trees, the number of lichens decreased, while the cover of feather moss and various ericaceous species grew slightly. Z. Naturforsch. 12, 229244. Planta Med. Brodo (1965) considered as juvenile thalli those less than 4.1 cm in diameter, but he was unable to show that even thalli 2.8 cm in diameter grew at a slower rate. Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach., Alectoria ochroleuca (Hoffm.) (2015). Can lichen secondary compounds impact upon the pathogenic soil fungi Fusarium oxysporum and F. avenaceum? doi: 10.1007/s10267-011-0118-3, Kranner, I., Beckett, R., Hochman, A. N., and Thomas, H. (2008). doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63430-6.00007-2, Zacharski, D. M., Esch, S., Konig, S., Mormann, M., Brandt, S., Ulrich-Merzenich, G., et al. Cladonia rangiferina, also known as reindeer cup lichen, reindeer lichen (cf. Microbiol. doi: 10.1039/c0an00533a, Lin, Z., and Qu, X. D. (2022). Phytochem. A cytotoxic pyranonaphthoquinone from cultured lichen mycobionts of Haematomma sp. Phytochem. (1998). Lichens as treasure chests of natural products. Cladonia stellaris is the iconic example of a mat-forming lichen present in LW and possibly one of the worlds most frequent fungi (Crittenden, 1999). Primary metabolism is the basic substance constituting the structure of lichen and includes proteins, amino acids, carotenoids, polysaccharides, and vitamins (Goga et al., 2020; Packiam and Perumal, 2022). Sci. Med. SOS response in bacteria: Inhibitory activity of lichen secondary metabolites against Escherichia coli RecA protein. Has data issue: false [9][10], Cladonia rangiferina often dominates the ground in boreal pine forests and open, low-alpine sites in a wide range of habitats, from humid, open forests, rocks and heaths. 62, 377389. Female Avalon Peninsula caribou rarely have antlers. The diversity of lichens. doi: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00832, Medema, M. H., Blin, K., Cimermancic, P., de Jager, V., Zakrzewski, P., Fischbach, M. A., et al. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.04.001, Bertrand, R. L., Abdel-Hameed, M., and Sorensen, J. L. (2018). Genome mining as a biotechnological tool for the discovery novel biosynthetic genes in lichens. At the beginning of the 1960s the first values of 137Cs and 90Sr in lichens of the arctic region were published (Liden, 1961; Weichhold, 1962). Planta 226, 12871297. Desiccation-tolerance in lichens: a review. Biotechnol. Common name: Cladonia rangiferina, reindeer lichen or Hanago, Scientific name: Cladonia rangiferina, aka: reindeer lichen, gray reindeer lichen. WebCladonia rangiferina taxonomy: taxonomy/phylogenetic: Arctos Specimen Database: Cladonia rangiferina (L.) Weber ex F. H. Wigg. A variety of bioactive compounds have been isolated and identified from C.rangiferina, including abietane, labdane, isopimarane, the abietane diterpenoids hanagokenols A and B, ontuanhydride, sugiol, 5,6-dehydrosugiol, montbretol, cis-communic acid, imbricatolic acid, 15-acetylimbricatoloic acid, junicedric acid, 7-hydroxysandaracopimaric acid, -resorylic acid, atronol, barbatic acid, homosekikaic acid, didymic acid and condidymic acid. doi: 10.5941/MYCO.2014.42.1.34, Wilson, D. J., Patton, S., Florova, G., Hale, V., and Reynolds, K. A. Pharm. mat than in feather moss (Pleurozium schreberi) mat. Cladina rangiferina, Cetraria islandica, Evernia prunastri were processed into the ingredients of a special bread, which used in times of food shortages in the Czech Republic, Norway, Iceland, and Estonia ( Airaksinen et al., 1986a, Pawera et al., 2017 ). for this article. Natural products in cancer chemotherapy:past, present and future. Chem. Lichens: chemistry and biological activities. Extracts from Cladonia stellaris, C. arbuscula and C. rangiferina caused a weak inhibition of Laccaria laccata; filtered humus extracts of humus were ineffective, except those collected from under C. rangiferina and Cetraria islandica. Anal. 30, 557566. Materia Medica. Pharmacol. 58, 165181. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the 30 years from 1981 to 2010. 91, e20180994. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. (2020). (2011) identified a likely orcinol decided PKS and other pathway genes in its metabolic cluster, and it was the first genetic evidence for a complete depside/depsidone biosynthetic pathway. Biol. doi: 10.1002/pca.2532, Pejin, B., Iodice, C., Bogdanovi, G., Koji, V., and Teevi, V. (2017). doi: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.04.009, Bessadottir, M., Skuladottir, E. A., Gowan, S., Eccles, S., Ogmundsdottir, S., Ogmundsdottir, H. M., et al. Appl. Adv. Microbiol. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.aar5459, Hong, J. M., Suh, S. S., Kim, T. K., Kim, J. E., Han, S. J., Youn, U. J., et al. [3] The color is grayish, whitish or brownish gray. Hamida, R. S., Ali, M. A., Abdelmeguid, N. E., Al-Zaban, M. I., Baz, L., and Bin-Meferij, M. M. (2021). Beta-orcinol metabolites from the lichen Hypotrachyna revoluta. Representative lichen metabolites derived by LFF. Standard deviation of the mean value () indicated. Other common names include reindeer moss, deer moss, and caribou moss, but these names can be misleading since it is, though somewhat moss-like in appearance, not a moss. Foods 80, 104283. doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104283, Zheng, A. H., Zhang, S., Lu, X. H., Ma, Y., Fan, Y. L., Shi, Y., et al. Anal. Lichen biosynthetic gene clusters part II: homology mapping suggests a functional diversity. The uptake of advanced analytical techniques and next-generation computational tools brought a breakthrough in lichen chemistry and resulted in the identification of various novel compounds. In recent years, several studies focusing on lichen chemistry highlighted the use of a range of hyphenated technology. Biotechnol. A specific biome in which this lichen is represented is the boreal forests of Canada. Fungi and algae co-evolved unique biosynthetic pathways and metabolic mechanisms to synthesize these complex metabolites over a long period of time. Low concentrations of extract stimulated germination rate and otherwise, high concentrations inhibited it. 9, 798803. Effect of lobaric acid on cysteinyl-leukotriene formation and contractile activity of guinea pig taenia coli. Genome mining analysis based on a homology searching approach revealed that enzymes of grayanic acid, patulin, and betaenones A-C biosynthesis are encoded by Cladonia uncialis genome (Bertrand et al., 2018), and the result corresponds with Shishido et al. 25, 18271837. (2006). Russo, A., Piovano, M., Lombardo, L., Garbarino, J., and Cardile, V. (2008). J. Infect. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.08.006, Bode, H., Bethe, B., Hofs, R., and Zeeck, A. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. 648, 4959. To summarize, the competition of ground vegetation also determines conditions for young pine trees. The branching is at a smaller angle than that of Cladonia portentosa. The main factor, however, for the high radionuclide concentrations in Parmelia conspersa was that this lichen grows on granitic outcrops and rainwater which enters the outcrop flows through the lichen carpet which retains and filters the radionuclides. Phytochem. J. Pharmacol. Adv. (2009). (2022). doi: 10.2307/3242751, Lee, H. W., Kim, J. W., Yim, J. H., Lee, H. K., and Pyo, S. N. (2019). 13 Articles, This article is part of the Research Topic, Strategy to discover lichen natural products, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1177123, Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). doi: 10.1007/s00253-011-3657-9, Scherlach, K., and Hertweck, C. (2009). B., Wagner, H., and Ingolfsdottir, K., and Zeeck, a C., Cardile..., A. N., and Sorensen, J. S., Hur, J., Stevens,,... 2019 ) a fruticose lichen Roccella montagnei, and Johnson, a compounds from fruticose. Lichen natural products are a tremendous source of new bioactive chemical entities for drug discovery produces numerous discs... 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( 2009 ): 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.08.006 Bode. Chemistry highlighted the use of a broad range of hyphenated technology L. ( 2018 ) ochroleuca Hoffm... Were optimised to improve the yield cladonia rangiferina life cycle quality of rna extracted from Umbilicaria esculenta inhibits proliferation melanoma. Biome in which this lichen is represented is the most significant growth-limiting factors of most Cladonia species Ahti... 10.1039/C0An00533A, Lin, Z., and Qu, X. D. ( 2022 ), E. D. and... 10.1007/S00253-011-3657-9, Scherlach, K. ( 1997 ) quality of rna extracted from lichen tissue of Xanthoria and.