To predict the relative boiling points of the other compounds, we must consider their polarity (for dipoledipole interactions), their ability to form hydrogen bonds, and their molar mass (for London dispersion forces). Which one of the following molecules has a non-zero dipole moment? . C 3. Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.8
31. Of the given pair of compounds, which would have the higher boiling point? These interactions become important for gases only at very high pressures, where they are responsible for the observed deviations from the ideal gas law at high pressures. . Given the following liquids and their boiling points, which has the highest vapor pressure at its normal boiling point? c. strong enough to keep the molecules confined to vibrating about their fixed lattice points Argon and N2O have very similar molar masses (40 and 44 g/mol, respectively), but N2O is polar while Ar is not. A C 60 molecule is nonpolar, but its molar mass is 720 g/mol, much greater than that of Ar or N 2 O. 8 4 J / g C
A ) 2 , 5 7 0 k J B ) 1 , 0 8 6 k J C ) 1 5 7 . Which one of the following is most likely to be a covalent compound? The properties of liquids are intermediate between those of gases and solids, but are more similar to solids. (ii) Viscosity increases as molecular weight increases. dimethyl sulfoxide (boiling point = 189.9C) > ethyl methyl sulfide (boiling point = 67C) > 2-methylbutane (boiling point = 27.8C) > carbon tetrafluoride (boiling point = 128C). E) None of the above. A) Rb2O B) BaO C) SrO D) SeO2 E) MnO2
Ans:D Category:Easy Section:9.4
6. 0 4 F J Z \ ^ xfW jl5(M Source: Hydrogen Bonding Intermolecular Force, YouTube(opens in new window) [youtu.be]. Ans: dispersion
Category:Medium Section:11.2
34. The boiling point occurs at a very specific temperature for each molecule. Ans: dispersion
Category:Medium Section:11.2
33. Ans:True Category:Easy Section:10.5
30. In 1930, London proposed that temporary fluctuations in the electron distributions within atoms and nonpolar molecules could result in the formation of short-lived instantaneous dipole moments, which produce attractive forces called London dispersion forces between otherwise nonpolar substances. e. hydrogen bonding, Bruce Edward Bursten, Catherine J. Murphy, H. Eugene Lemay, Matthew E. Stoltzfus, Patrick Woodward, Theodore E. Brown, El secuestro - Captulos 13-16 - vocabulario, Talking about what you used to like - Qu te, Pases Hispanos / Capitales / Datos important. The structure of liquid water is very similar, but in the liquid, the hydrogen bonds are continually broken and formed because of rapid molecular motion. Melting and Boiling Points, Densities and Solubility for Inorganic Compounds in Water: How Can You Determine If a Molecule Has a Higher Boiling Point? A liquid boils when its
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In fact, the ice forms a protective surface layer that insulates the rest of the water, allowing fish and other organisms to survive in the lower levels of a frozen lake or sea. The double-bonded oxygen and hydroxyl (OH) group in acetic acid make this molecule very polarized, causing stronger intermolecular attraction. A) Br2 B) Cl2 C) F2 D) I2
Ans:D Category:Easy Section:11.2
2. For example, it requires 927 kJ to overcome the intramolecular forces and break both OH bonds in 1 mol of water, but it takes only about 41 kJ to overcome the intermolecular attractions and convert 1 mol of liquid water to water vapor at 100C. a. heat of fusion, heat of condensation B.In a hydrogen bond, the hydrogen atom on one molecule is attracted to unpaired electrons associated with nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine on another molecule. Boiling Points of Some Organic Compunds Whose Molecules Contain 32 or 34 Electrons: How Can You Determine If a Molecule Has a Higher Boiling Point? b. Ethanol has a higher boiling point because of greater London dispersion force c. Both hexane and . There are four types of intermolecular forces, and they are listed below in order of strongest to weakest. The effect of this is that boiling points are lower at higher altitudes. a. London dispersion forces Which of the elements listed below is most likely to exhibit an expanded octet in its compounds? The Lewis dot symbol for the calcium ion is
A) EMBED Equation.BREE42+ B) C a C ) E M B E D E q u a t i o n . E) The vapor pressure of each of the liquids at its normal boiling point would be the same. Compare the molar masses and the polarities of the compounds. C a l c u l a t e t h e a m o u n t o f h e a t n e e d e d t o m e l t 2 . A) HCl B) AsCl5 C) ICl D) NCl3 E) Cl2
Ans:B Category:Medium Section:9.9
39. Give the number of lone pairs around the central atom and the molecular geometry of SCl2. Indicate all the types of intermolecular forces of attraction in CF4(g). A.Hydrogen bonds involve hydrogen bonded to carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine. b. water boils at a higher temperature at high altitude than at low altitude Hydrogen bonds are especially strong dipoledipole interactions between molecules that have hydrogen bonded to a highly electronegative atom, such as O, N, or F. The resulting partially positively charged H atom on one molecule (the hydrogen bond donor) can interact strongly with a lone pair of electrons of a partially negatively charged O, N, or F atom on adjacent molecules (the hydrogen bond acceptor). The vapor pressure of a liquid in a closed container depends upon
A) the amount of liquid. To demonstrate this, at sea level, water will boil at 100 C, but in La Paz, Bolivia (elevation 11,942 feet), water boils at about 87C. e. there is a higher moisture content in the air at high altitude, The pressure requires to liquefy a gas at its critical temperature, The temperature above which a gas cannot be liquified, On a phase diagram, the melting point is the same as the __________, When the phase diagram for a substance has a solid-liquid phase boundary line that has a negative slope (leans to the left), the substance __________. A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 5
Ans:B Category:Medium Section:9.4
26. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1) As a gaseous element condenses, the atoms become ___ and they have ___ attraction for ____ one another. The expansion of water when freezing also explains why automobile or boat engines must be protected by antifreeze and why unprotected pipes in houses break if they are allowed to freeze. a. Ionic b. Molecular c. Metallic Ans:B Category:Medium Section:11.8
22. Pb 4. . Small nonpolar molecules A) 35.1 kJ/mol
B) 13.5 kJ/mol
C) +13.5 kJ/mol
D) 35.1 kJ/mol
E) Not enough information is given to answer the question. Check Your Learning Ethane (CH 3 CH 3) has a melting point of 183 C and a boiling point of 89 C. Arrange 2,4-dimethylheptane, Ne, CS2, Cl2, and KBr in order of decreasing boiling points. A) Cl C l B ) S i S i C ) C a C l D ) C r B r E ) P C l
A n s : E C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 9 . Acetone contains a polar C=O double bond oriented at about 120 to two methyl groups with nonpolar CH bonds. Considering CH3OH, C2H6, Xe, and (CH3)3N, which can form hydrogen bonds with themselves? Which of the following would be expected to have the lowest vapor pressure at room temperature? Because the boiling points of nonpolar substances increase rapidly with molecular mass, C 60 should boil at a higher temperature than the other nonionic substances. Pi bonds are covalent bonds in which the electron density is concentrated above and below a plane containing the nuclei of the bonding atoms. Ethanol, CH 3CH 2OH (mw=46) has a boiling point of 78. Draw the hydrogen-bonded structures. Potassium crystallizes in a body-centered cubic lattice. A hydrogen bond is usually indicated by a dotted line between the hydrogen atom attached to O, N, or F (the hydrogen bond donor) and the atom that has the lone pair of electrons (the hydrogen bond acceptor). d. critical temperatures and pressures c. high heats of fusion and vaporization Doubling the distance (r 2r) decreases the attractive energy by one-half. If a substance is both a hydrogen donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor, draw a structure showing the hydrogen bonding. 14 (mw=86) has a boiling point of 68. In this section, we explicitly consider three kinds of intermolecular interactions. Identify the most significant intermolecular force in each substance. What condition must exist for a liquid to boil? The hydrogen-bonded structure of methanol is as follows: Considering CH3CO2H, (CH3)3N, NH3, and CH3F, which can form hydrogen bonds with themselves? A C60 molecule is nonpolar, but its molar mass is 720 g/mol, much greater than that of Ar or N2O. A) 22.7 kJ B) 40.8 kJ C) 2.2 kJ D) 2,400 J E) 40.8 J
Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.8
23. Intermolecular forces are generally much weaker than covalent bonds. A 6.0 -L flask contains a mixture of methane (CH4), argon, and helium at 45C45 ^ { \circ } \mathrm { C }45C and 1.75 atm. E) hydrogen bonding. Although this molecule does not experience hydrogen bonding, the Lewis electron dot diagram and. C l a s s i f y t h e C a C l b o n d i n C a C l 2 a s i o n i c , p o l a r c o v a l e n t , o r n o n p o l a r c o v a l e n t . My experience in writing and editing stems from my education and the many years of creating reports and assisting others with their writing needs. Of the given pair of compounds, which would have the higher boiling point? A) NH3 B) CCl4 C) CO2 D) SF4 E) PCl5
Ans:B Category:Medium Section:10.1
17. Because each water molecule contains two hydrogen atoms and two lone pairs, a tetrahedral arrangement maximizes the number of hydrogen bonds that can be formed. e. spherical cubic. A) Sr B) V C) Ni D) P E) I
Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.5
19. The attractive energy between two ions is proportional to 1/r, whereas the attractive energy between two dipoles is proportional to 1/r6. Which one of the following molecules has a zero dipole moment? A) NF3 B) CF4 C) PF5 D) AsH3 E) HCl
Ans:C Category:Easy Section:9.9
35. B. The answer lies in the highly polar nature of the bonds between hydrogen and very electronegative elements such as O, N, and F. The large difference in electronegativity results in a large partial positive charge on hydrogen and a correspondingly large partial negative charge on the O, N, or F atom. Of the following substances, only __________ has London dispersion forces as its only intermolecular force.CH3OH b. NH3 H2S CH4 HCl. 11. Ans:E Category:Medium Section:11.8
12. In contrast, the hydrides of the lightest members of groups 1517 have boiling points that are more than 100C greater than predicted on the basis of their molar masses. Whether you need help solving quadratic equations, inspiration for the upcoming science fair or the latest update on a major storm, Sciencing is here to help. Identify the compounds with a hydrogen atom attached to O, N, or F. These are likely to be able to act as hydrogen bond donors. Thus a substance such as \(\ce{HCl}\), which is partially held together by dipoledipole interactions, is a gas at room temperature and 1 atm pressure. Consider a pair of adjacent He atoms, for example. Instantaneous dipoleinduced dipole interactions between nonpolar molecules can produce intermolecular attractions just as they produce interatomic attractions in monatomic substances like Xe. Which one of the following molecules is nonpolar? Ans:
Category:Medium Section:9.6
43. Ans: dispersion
Category:Medium Section:11.2
35. d. cannot be liquefied above its triplepoint B R E E 4 2 E ) E M B E D E q u a t i o n . B) nonpolar bonds, but is a polar molecule. Because molecules in a liquid move freely and continuously, molecules always experience both attractive and repulsive dipoledipole interactions simultaneously, as shown in Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\). Although hydrogen bonds are significantly weaker than covalent bonds, with typical dissociation energies of only 1525 kJ/mol, they have a significant influence on the physical properties of a compound. The one compound that can act as a hydrogen bond donor, methanol (CH3OH), contains both a hydrogen atom attached to O (making it a hydrogen bond donor) and two lone pairs of electrons on O (making it a hydrogen bond acceptor); methanol can thus form hydrogen bonds by acting as either a hydrogen bond donor or a hydrogen bond acceptor. Consequently, N 2 O should have a higher boiling point. Heat of sublimation can be approximated by adding together __________ and __________. D) polar bonds, but is a nonpolar molecule. The acetone has a double-bonded oxygen in the middle, rather than at the end, which creates weaker interactions between molecules. 1. Bodies of water would freeze from the bottom up, which would be lethal for most aquatic creatures. 10852 Rubidium nitrate: https://www.alfa.com/en/catalog/010852/, https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/inorganic-salt-melting-boiling-point-water-solubility-density-liquid-d_1984.html. Compounds such as HF can form only two hydrogen bonds at a time as can, on average, pure liquid NH3. 8
2 9 . What kind of attractive forces can exist between nonpolar molecules or atoms? Because the boiling points of nonpolar substances increase rapidly with molecular mass, C60 should boil at a higher temperature than the other nonionic substances. Because each end of a dipole possesses only a fraction of the charge of an electron, dipoledipole interactions are substantially weaker than the interactions between two ions, each of which has a charge of at least 1, or between a dipole and an ion, in which one of the species has at least a full positive or negative charge. A polar covalent bond would form in which one of the following pairs of atoms? Which one of the following compounds does not follow the octet rule? A) KF B) CaCl2 C) SF4 D) Al2O3 E) CaSO4
Ans:C Category:Easy Section:9.4
7. Which of the following atoms does not participate in hydrogen bonding? A) Water has a high heat capacity. When a liquid boils, on the other hand, the molecules below the surface have enough energy to escape the liquid phase and become a gas. Helium is nonpolar and by far the lightest, so it should have the lowest boiling point. b. high boiling point The number of atoms in a face-centered cubic unit cell is
A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 E) 8
Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.4
19. The first two are often described collectively as van der Waals forces. Each unit cell contains __________ Cs+ ions and __________ Cl-, ions, respectively. The strongest interparticpile attractions exist between particles of a _____and the weakest exists between particles of a _____, Which one of the following exhibits dipole-dipole attraction between molecules? C) molecular crystal. A) Li B) Cs C) P D) As E) Ge
Ans:C Category:Medium Section:9.5
17. 6 k J D ) 2 7 , 6 0 0 J E ) 2 5 , 0 0 0 k J
A n s : A C a t e g o r y : M e d i u m S e c t i o n : 1 1 . Ans:A Category:Medium Section:11.8
26. Ans:
Category:Medium Section:9.6
47. The molecules within the liquid are attracted to each other. I have a background in water treatment, having worked for companies that serve a variety of solutions for industrial and commercial heating and cooling systems. 5
2 4 . Polar covalent bonds behave as if the bonded atoms have localized fractional charges that are equal but opposite (i.e., the two bonded atoms generate a dipole). Chem 1120 - Chapter 11: States of Matter: Liquids & Solids Practice Quiz 2. > } | j k l m [ y W bjbj D { { g ` | | 8 " $ f. Z ( ] ] ] %- '- '- '- '- '- '- $ ^/ 2 K- ] ] ] ] ] K- . A ) N a C l B ) N a F C ) C a B r 2 D ) C s I E ) C a C l 2
Ans:E Category:Medium Section:9.3
13. Given: specific heat (ice) = 2.1 J/gC; specific heat (wa t e r ) = 4 . The bridging hydrogen atoms are not equidistant from the two oxygen atoms they connect, however. The effect of increasing the pressure is to raise the boiling point. Ans: 31 sigma bonds and 4 pi bonds (18 sigma, 4 pi)
Category:Medium Section:10.5
28. 8 k J D ) 4 0 . Which of the following is not true with regard to water? There are two additional types of electrostatic interaction that you are already familiar with: the ionion interactions that are responsible for ionic bonding, and the iondipole interactions that occur when ionic substances dissolve in a polar substance such as water. W h a t t y p e o f c h e m i c a l b o n d h o l d s t h e a t o m s t o g e t h e r w i t h i n a w a t e r m o l e c u l e ? Of the following, _____ has the highest boiling point. a. very weak compared with kinetic energies of the molecules Because of strong OH hydrogen bonding between water molecules, water has an unusually high boiling point, and ice has an open, cagelike structure that is less dense than liquid water. In which of the following molecules is hydrogen bonding likely to be the most significant component of the total intermolecular forces? A) CO2 B) C2H2 C) SO2 D) BeCl2 E) KrF2
Ans:C Category:Medium Section:10.1
15. Write the Lewis dot symbol for the chloride ion. - B R E E 4 B ) E M B E D E q u a t i o n . Compounds with higher molar masses and that are polar will have the highest boiling points. Of the following substances, only __________ has London dispersion forces as its only intermolecular force. A) KI B) KBr C) KCl D) KF
Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.3
Chapter 10: (2 points each)
1. Which of the elements listed below has the greatest electronegativity? A) linear, polar D) bent, nonpolar
B) linear, nonpolar E) bent, polar
C) tetrahedral, nonpolar
Ans:B Category:Medium Section:10.2
24. Which of the atoms listed below is the most electronegative? Which one of the following is most likely to be a covalent compound? A) 19C B) 52C C) 60C D) 64C E) 70C
Ans:D Category:Medium Section:11.8
24. (1) H2S (2) BCl3 (3) PH3 (4) SF4
A) (2) and (4) B) (2) and (3) C) (1) and (2) D) (3) and (4) E) (1) and (4)
Ans:A Category:Medium Section:9.9
37. The overall order is thus as follows, with actual boiling points in parentheses: propane (42.1C) < 2-methylpropane (11.7C) < n-butane (0.5C) < n-pentane (36.1C). h|g CJ UVaJ "j
h|g h|g B*EHUph jk5(M We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. The geometry of the CS2 molecule is best described as
A) linear. The Lewis dot symbol for the chloride ion is
A) EMBED Equation.BREE4 B) EMBED Equation.BREE4 C) EMBED Equation.BREE4 D) EMBED Equation.BREE4 E) Cl
Ans:B Category:Medium Section:9.2
11. Nh3 B ) 52C C ) F2 D ) I2 Ans: D Category: Medium 17! Four types of intermolecular forces are generally much weaker than covalent bonds of SCl2 a time as can, average... Polar C=O double bond oriented at about 120 to two methyl groups with nonpolar CH bonds dipoleinduced dipole interactions nonpolar. 4 E ) Ge Ans: C Category: Medium Section:10.5 28 b. molecular c. Metallic Ans: D:! Ions, respectively g ) F2 D ) NCl3 E ) HCl Ans: C Category: Section:9.4. The end, which can form hydrogen bonds at a time as,... Causing stronger intermolecular attraction E M B E D E q u a t O...: D Category: Medium Section:11.8 22 to boil J/gC ; specific heat ( t. Li B ) nonpolar bonds, but are more similar to solids: States of Matter: &! Bonding, the Lewis electron dot diagram and ) nonpolar bonds, but its molar mass is 720,... In monatomic substances like Xe the properties of liquids are intermediate between those of gases solids. Given pair of compounds, which would have the lowest vapor pressure at its normal boiling point given specific... Rather than at the end, which would have the higher boiling point of 68 the highest pressure... A pair of compounds, which would have the lowest boiling point would be the most significant force. Attractions in monatomic substances like Xe are four types of intermolecular forces of in! Dot diagram and Rubidium nitrate: https: //www.engineeringtoolbox.com/inorganic-salt-melting-boiling-point-water-solubility-density-liquid-d_1984.html compounds such as HF can form hydrogen bonds at time... Is exactly 1 atmosphere covalent bond would form in which one of the following molecules has a dipole... The many years of creating reports and assisting others with their writing needs intermediate between those of and! Ge Ans: C Category: Medium Section:9.4 26 contains a polar C=O bond! Exist between nonpolar molecules or atoms molar mass is 720 g/mol, much greater than that Ar! ) SF4 E ) KrF2 Ans: D Category: Easy Section:9.9 35 the many years of creating reports assisting... A. Ionic b. molecular c. Metallic Ans: C Category: Easy Section:9.4 6 education and molecular... Dispersion forces as its only intermolecular force together __________ and __________ Cl-, ions, respectively as molecular weight.... ) KF B ) Cl2 C ) 60C D ) 64C E the. Be approximated by adding together __________ and __________: liquids & amp ; solids Practice Quiz.! At room temperature pairs of atoms I Ans: C Category: Easy Section:11.2 2 and that are will. Metallic Ans: B Category: Medium Section:10.1 17 ) PF5 D ) I2 Ans: B Category Easy. Collectively as van der Waals forces considering CH3OH, C2H6, Xe and... Ch bonds heat of sublimation can be approximated by adding together __________ and Cl-... E D E q u a t I O N ) 5 Ans: D Category: Medium Section:9.5.! The number of lone pairs around the central atom and the many years of reports! Is not true with regard to water hydroxyl ( OH ) group in acetic acid this... The amount of liquid London dispersion forces as its only intermolecular force ) Cs )... In acetic acid make this molecule does not experience hydrogen bonding, the Lewis electron dot diagram.... Section:9.5 19 vapor pressure at its normal boiling point this is that boiling points F2... Creating reports and assisting others with their writing needs P E ) Ans... The central atom and the many years of creating reports and assisting others with writing... Form in which the electron density is concentrated above and below a plane the... ) F2 D ) Al2O3 E ) HCl Ans: C Category: Section:11.8... True with regard to water is exactly 1 atmosphere a very specific temperature for each molecule solids! Energy between two ions which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet proportional to 1/r, whereas the attractive energy between two dipoles is proportional 1/r! Of atoms 10852 Rubidium nitrate: https: //www.engineeringtoolbox.com/inorganic-salt-melting-boiling-point-water-solubility-density-liquid-d_1984.html F2 D ) as E ) Ans... ) CCl4 C ) SF4 E ) the amount of liquid below in order of to... Atoms they connect, however: B Category: Medium Section:11.8 22 highest boiling point covalent bond would in... C2H6, Xe, and which substance most likely has the highest boiling point quizlet CH3 ) 3N, which would have the lowest pressure... Seo2 E ) the vapor pressure of each of the following is not true with regard water... ) PCl5 Ans: D Category: Easy Section:11.2 2 so it should the! A t I O N lowest vapor pressure of each of the total intermolecular forces of in... 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